Shading is more than just darkening – it is an artistic technique that creates solid, three dimensional bodies from simple shapes and lines. Martin Missfeldt explains it like this: “On white paper, the light is already there, so all you have to do is make shadows visible. This creates an illusion of light and therefore also space.
Why is shadow so important?
- It creates depth and plasticity – a drawing therefore appears lively and not flat.
- It communicates the light source and spatial reference – you can recognise where the
light is coming from and where which object is facing. - It emphasises details and contrasts – sharply drawn folds or fabrics gain tension.
Basic prerequisite: understanding the picture space and light source
Before you start with dark lines, ask yourself: Where is the light source? You are not only drawing shapes, but also staging entire rooms. The idea of an imaginary “stage space” on paper is crucial.
The direction of the light
When drawing light and shadow, the direction of the light source is crucial. It influences where the shadows are created on the object and how pronounced they are. If the light comes from the side, long shadows are created that spread out to the side of the object. If, on the other hand, the light comes from above, the shadows tend to be short and are located directly below the object.
The intensity of the light
The intensity of the light also influences the shadows. A strong light source creates sharp, dark shadows, while a weak light source creates soft, light shadows.
Shadowing techniques – soft and hard
Fading: Smooth transitions from light to dark – perfect for round shapes.
Hatching: Lines in parallel or intersecting requirements. 
Both techniques help to achieve high-quality transitions and realistic plasticity. If you are also interested in basic drawing techniques, you can find helpful tips for getting started in our article on drawing techniques with a pencil.
Know the five types of shadows
Tools for shading
There are practical tools for precise shading:
- Kneaded eraser: For light accents
- Paper wipers (Estompen): For soft transitions
- Pencils in various degrees of hardness
Exercise: Drawing light and shadow
You need:
- A simple object (e.g. sphere or cube)
- A stable light source (daylight or lamp)
- Paper and pencils
This is how you proceed:
1. Position the object so that it is clearly visible and casts a clear shadow.
2. Draw a sketch, paying attention to the following.
3. Direction of light: Determine the position and length of the shadow.
4. Light intensity: Soft light = soft shadows, hard light = sharp shadows.
5. Shape and surface: round objects = round shadows, smooth surfaces = reflect light.
6. Orientation: the closer the object to the light source, the clearer the shadows.
Drawing light and shadow:
Groove different pencils (e.g. 4H to 2B) to create fine transitions. Note: Shadow sides are not completely dark either – the background reflects light back.
Source:
https://www.how-to-art.com/de/grundlagen/licht-und-schatten-zeichnen/
https://www.clipstudio.net/zeichnen-lernen/archives/163818
https://drawtut.com/de/zeichnen/licht-und-schatten/
http://zeichnen-lernen.markus-agerer.de/zeichnen-lernen2/schatten-zeichnen.php
https://risslerlandschaftzeichnen.blogspot.com/2011/05/estompen-zeichnen-oder-schummern.html
Valeria Coitan