When we think of famous artists, names like Michelangelo, Picasso, or Van Gogh immediately come to mind—all men. Why is that? Does that mean women have never played a role in art? Not at all. Female artists have always been active. They painted, drew, and created sculptures—but history overlooked them, ignored their works, or attributed them to men. Even artists who were famous in their time are forgotten today.
Why do we know so few female artists?
Many obstacles blocked the path to visibility for female artists. In the past, art academies systematically excluded women. Without formal training, many female artists lacked official recognition. Societal roles made things even more difficult: women were expected to be housewives and mothers—not painters or sculptors. Those who did create art were often not taken seriously. Many works were poorly paid or not sold at all. Some women worked anonymously or used male pseudonyms. It even happened that their art was attributed to male colleagues.
Women were always active in the arts
Despite all these hurdles, female artists did not remain idle. They created art – with brush, pen, or chisel, often in secret, but still powerful and expressive. During the Renaissance, female painters such as Lavinia Fontana and Sofonisba Anguissola succeeded in establishing themselves. Fontana ran her own studio and received commissions from noblemen. Anguissola even impressed Michelangelo and became a portrait painter at the Spanish court – a sensation for her time. During the Baroque era, Rachel Ruysch enjoyed success with her meticulously detailed floral still lifes. Her works were so sought after that she was one of the highest-paid artists of her era – an absolute exception.
Female Artists in the 19th Century
In the 19th century, female artists fought determinedly for recognition. Rosa Bonheur rose to fame with her realistic depictions of animals. She was one of the few women of her time allowed to wear trousers so she could draw at horse markets – a small revolution. Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz successfully presented her striking portraits in Paris. Louise Catherine Breslau established herself in the French art scene with her vibrant portraits. And Anna Boberg captured Nordic nature in atmospheric landscape paintings.
The Rediscovery of Female Artists in the 20th Century
From the 20th century onwards, female artists and art historians began to make forgotten female voices visible. Museums are increasingly including their works in exhibitions. New research is bringing fascinating biographies to light. Today, more women than ever work in the art world – and yet the art market remains male-dominated. Women have never been absent from art. They were simply not seen. Their works speak of courage, creativity, and perseverance. Today, we can make their voices heard – by appreciating their art, talking about it, and recognizing that female artists have always shaped art history.
Read More about Women in Art
How Strokes of Fate Have Fueled the Art of Female Artists across Three Centuries
More Than Just Muses – Women in Art
Explore Works by Female Artists – from 16th Century Portraitist to Modern Art